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當前位置: 首頁> 產品中心> 細胞生物學 > 熒光探針與細胞染色 > MKBio PKH26 Cell Linker Kit for General Cell Membrane Labeling PKH26 細胞連接試劑盒(用于常規細胞膜標記)紅色
MKBio PKH26 Cell Linker Kit for General Cell Membrane Labeling PKH26 細胞連接試劑盒(用于常規細胞膜標記)紅色
目錄號 MX4021-100UL 售價 996.00元
規格 100μl 運輸溫度 冰袋運輸
其他名稱 PKH26 Red Fluorescent Cell Linker Kit for General Cell Membrane Labeling 保存溫度 2-8℃避光保存
CAS號 N/A 有效期 1年
應用 細胞增殖和示蹤研究 訂購數量
產品簡介:

PKH26 細胞連接試劑盒(用于常規細胞膜標記)


點擊丨商城購買 積分領好禮

產品關鍵詞:

PKH26;Calcein AM鈣黃綠素;PKH67;CFDA SE;In vivo cell tracking 體內細胞示蹤;Sigma MINI26;Phanos Technologies;


產品信息

產品名稱

產品編號

規格             

價格(元)    

PKH26 Cell Linker Kit for General Cell Membrane Labeling       

PKH26細胞連接試劑盒(用于常規細胞膜標記)

MX4021-100UL     

100μl

996

MX4021-200UL

200μl

1946

MX4021-500UL

500μl

3886


【好消息】:應客戶的要求,我司對試劑盒內的Diluent C可單獨供應,產品信息如下:

產品名稱

產品編號

規格             

價格(元)    

Diluent C for General Membrane Labeling                                

稀釋液C(用于常規細胞膜標記)

MX4022-10ML       

10ml

296

MX4022-30ML

30ml

586



產品描述

PKH26細胞連接試劑盒(用于常規細胞膜標記)(PKH26 Cell Linker Kit for General Cell Membrane Labeling)是一款基于熒光探針PKH26,用于常規細胞膜標記的檢測試劑盒,適用于體外細胞標記,體外細胞增殖以及長期的體內細胞跟蹤研究等。

PKH26是一種專利的膜標記探針,結構上帶有一長脂肪族尾巴,能穩定插入細胞膜脂質區域。PKH26熒光處于黃-橙色光譜區間(見圖1),最大激發波長為551nm,最大發射波長是567nm,與羅丹明或PE檢測系統兼容。也可能用標準熒光素(Fluorescein)激發濾片,但熒光強度可能會有些降低。PKH26具最長的體內半衰期,超過100天,非常適用于體內細胞示蹤、細胞增殖研究和其他長期實驗。


稀釋液C(Diluent C)是本試劑盒配套提供的一種水溶性溶液,特別設計的一種標記媒介能維持細胞活力,同時最大化染料溶解性和標記過程中的染色效率。Diluent C對哺乳動物細胞來說是等滲的,不含去污劑或有機溶劑,也不含生理鹽和緩沖劑。根據細胞類型,染料標記后膜的內在化程度,標記細胞可能呈現不同的狀態,從明亮,到均勻點狀或斑駁狀。然而,PKH26熒光在生理范圍內不依賴于pH,且每個細胞的熒光強度通常不受染料位置的影響。

圖1. PKH26的激發和發射光譜圖


我司(懋康生物)提供三種規格的PKH26細胞連接試劑盒(用于常規細胞膜標記),其中:

Mini Kit(CAT#:MX4021-100UL)建議用于小量或初步研究。當使用2ml染色體積(含2μM 終濃度的PKH26),本試劑盒含有足量的染料用于檢測25次細胞樣本(2×107個細胞/次),和足量的Diluent C用于5次細胞樣本(2×107個細胞/次)。用戶需根據細胞類型和實驗目的來優化確定最佳的染料濃度。

Midi Kit(CAT#:MX4021-200UL)適用于中量研究。當使用2ml染色體積(含2μM 終濃度的PKH26),本試劑盒含有足量的染料用于檢測50次細胞樣本(2×107個細胞/次),和足量的Diluent C用于30次細胞樣本(2×107個細胞/次)。用戶需根據細胞類型和實驗目的來優化確定最佳的染料濃度。

Maxi Kit(CAT#:MX4021-500UL)適用于大量或體內研究。當使用2ml染色體積(含2μM 終濃度的PKH26),本試劑盒含有足量的染料用于檢測125次細胞樣本(2×107個細胞/次),和足量的Diluent C用于30次細胞樣本(2×107個細胞/次)。用戶需根據細胞類型和實驗目的來優化確定最佳的染料濃度


產品包裝

組分            

名稱

貨號(規格)

MX4021-100UL    

MX4021-200UL  

MX4021-500UL  

MX4021-A

PKH26 Dye (1×10-3M in EtOH)     

1×100μl

2×100μl

5×100μl

MX4021-B

Diluent C

1×10ml

2×30ml

2×30ml


保存與運輸方法

保存:2-8oC避光保存,1年有效。其中組分A(PKH26 Dye)需嚴格避光,蓋子保持擰緊。

運輸:冰袋運輸。


注意事項

1)   PKH26是以溶于乙醇的儲存液形式提供,保存的過程中需避光并擰緊蓋子,以防止溶液揮發引起的染料濃度提高。使用前需檢查是否有結晶,若有結晶,需在37℃水浴溶晶,超聲或渦旋直至完全溶解。

2)   Diluent C使用前需置于室溫回溫之后再配制標記用的細胞和染料工作液。Diluent C是無菌溶液,不含任何防腐劑或抗生素,使用和保存過程中都注意無菌。

3)   PKH26不能保存在Diluent C內,保存在Diluent C的染色工作液需在使用前配制,現配現用。

4)   熒光染料均存在淬滅問題,操作和儲存過程中需注意避光,以減緩熒光淬滅。

5)   為了您的安全和健康,請穿實驗服并戴一次性手套操作。


操作步驟

一、 自行準備儀器和試劑(試劑盒不提供,用于常規細胞膜標記)

﹒良好分散,均勻的單細胞懸液(懸浮于組織培養基)

﹒含血清的組織培養基(完全培養基)

﹒不含Ca2+、Mg2+和血清的培養基,或生理鹽溶液(比如,DPBS或HBSS)

﹒血清,白蛋白或其他系統兼容的蛋白

﹒聚丙烯錐底離心管(4-15ml)

﹒能控溫的離心機(高達1000×g)

﹒熒光分析用儀器(熒光酶標板,熒光或共聚焦顯微鏡,流式細胞儀)

﹒無菌層流凈化罩

﹒血球計數板或自動細胞計數裝置

﹒載玻片和蓋玻片


二、 常規細胞膜標記

【注意事項】:

1)   通過分配脂質染料進入細胞膜來進行標記。標記強度是染料濃度和細胞濃度共同作用的一種功能,且不會飽和。因此,用來標記的染料濃度需要有限,過度標記細胞會引起細胞膜完整性喪失和降低的細胞復原能力。

2)   以下步驟適用于體外或離體標記干細胞、淋巴細胞、單個核細胞、內皮細胞、神經元或任何需要將染料插入細胞膜脂質區的其他細胞類型。而體內標記、血小板標記,或在含非吞噬細胞的群體內選擇性標記吞噬細胞,需對步驟做適當修改。

3)   需在單克隆抗體染色前進行常規細胞膜染色。4℃單克隆抗體染色過程中膜染料仍能維持穩定。然而,如果單抗標記后再室溫下進行常規細胞膜染色,極有可能引起單抗的“蓋帽”發生。

4)   以下步驟中用到的細胞和染料濃度是推薦用的起始濃度,廣譜適用于各種細胞類型。用戶需根據自身細胞類型和實驗目的確定最佳的染料和細胞濃度,通過對染色后細胞活力(比如碘化丙啶排斥),熒光強度,染色均勻性和對待研究細胞功能無影響等方面來綜合評估。

5)   PKH26染色過程中需避免疊氮化物或代謝毒物的存在。

6)   雖然粘附在固相基質上的貼壁細胞可能被標記,使用單細胞懸浮液能得到更勻質的染色結果。染色前使用蛋白消化酶比如胰酶/EDTA處理貼壁或結合細胞制備成分散的單細胞懸液能得到最好的染色結果。


【染色流程】:

以下操作流程使用2ml最終染色體積,含2μM PKH26,以及1×107個細胞/ml。

以下所有步驟都在室溫下進行(20-25℃)。

1.1    取一錐底聚丙烯離心管制備2×107個細胞的單細胞懸浮液,用無血清培養基清洗細胞一次。

【注意】:血清蛋白和脂質也會結合染料,降低用于膜標記的有效染料濃度。用無血清培養基或緩沖液(Step 1.1)清洗細胞一次,然后再用Diluent C重懸細胞用于標記能得到最佳結果。

1.2    400×g離心細胞5min,得到松散的細胞沉淀?!咀⒁狻浚篜KH26乙醇儲存液不能直接加入細胞沉淀上,否則會引起異質染色和降低的細胞活力。

1.3    細胞離心后,輕輕吸掉上清。注意不要移動任何細胞并且殘留不超過25μl上清液。

【注意】:為了得到重復性結果,最小化殘留培養基或緩沖液很重要,然后再將細胞重懸在Diluent C中。

1.4    加1ml Diluent C到細胞沉淀中制備成2×細胞懸液,用槍輕輕吹勻以確保完全分散。不可渦旋和不可讓細胞長期保留在Diluent C中。

【注意】:生理鹽離子的存在導致染料形成膠團,實質上降低染色效率。因此,染料添加的時候細胞懸浮在Diluent C中很重要,而不是在培養基或緩沖鹽溶液中。

1.5   染色前立即制備2×染色液(4μM in Diluent C):通過將4μl PKH26乙醇儲存液到1ml Diluent C中,充分混勻分散所得。

【注意】:

a)為了最小化乙醇對細胞活力影響,Step 1.5中加入的染料體積產生占Step 1.6中不超過1-2%的乙醇量;b)若想得到<2μM的最終染料濃度,用未變性的100%無水乙醇稀釋試劑盒提供的PKH26乙醇儲存液到一中間染料濃度,能得到最好的重復染色結果。

1.6   快速加1ml 2×細胞懸液(Step 1.4)到1ml 2×染色液(Step 1.5),用槍立即混勻樣本?;靹蚝髽颖镜玫降慕K濃度是1×107個細胞/ml 和2μM PKH26。

【注意】:由于染色幾乎是一瞬間發生,在染色工作液中快速且均勻分散細胞對得到明亮、一致和重復的標記結果至關重要。以下措施都有利于得到優化結果:

a.       不要將PKH26乙醇儲存液直接加到2×染色液(4μM in Diluent C)中。

b.       混勻等體積的2×細胞懸液(Step 1.4)和2×染色液(Step 1.5)。

c.       調整2×細胞懸液和2×染色液體積,避免在很?。ǎ?00μl)或很大(>5ml)體積。

d.       使用自動移液器或相同產品用于快速添加細胞和與染料混勻。血清學移液管很慢,得到相對更不一致的染色?!巴茐骸被驕u旋也很慢,得到相對更不一致染色。

e.       盡可能精確加量體積,為了精確重復每個樣品間和每個研究間用到的細胞和染料濃度。

1.7    Step 1.6中的細胞/染料懸液孵育1-5min,中間定期混合。染色過程非???,更長時間無任何益處。

【注意】:以獲得理想染色結果的最短時間進行細胞孵育。由于Diluent C不含生理鹽,更長的細胞孵育可能引起某些細胞類型活力降低。如果猜測可能有此效應產生,那么同時設置一個僅含Diluent的對照和一個使用乙醇染色而不是染料染色的陰性對照(mock-stained control)。

1.8    加入等體積(2ml)血清或其他適當蛋白溶液(比如1% BSA),孵育1min允許結合多余的探針。

【注意】:

a.血清(或等蛋白濃度溶液)更適合用作終止液。如果用完全培養基直接替代血清提高加入體積到10ml。

b. 在終止染色反應前不要通過加入Diluent C或離心細胞到Diluent C來終止。

c.不要使用無血清培養基或生理鹽溶液,會引起細胞相關染料聚合物產生。染料聚合物好比未結合染料的“緩釋水池”,通過清洗不能有效去除,且會轉移到實驗體系中的未標記細胞上。

1.9    20-25℃,400×g離心細胞10min,輕輕吸掉上清,確保不會移動細胞。用10ml完全培養基重懸細胞,轉移到一個干凈無菌的錐底聚丙烯離心管中,20-25℃,400×g離心細胞5min。然后用10ml完全培養基清洗細胞沉淀>2次,以確保完全去除未結合染料。

【注意】:轉移到一干凈離心管內能增加清洗效率,通過最小化結合到管壁上的殘留染料的交叉污染;不要使用Diluent C用于清洗。

1.10  最后一步清洗后,用10ml完全培養基重懸細胞沉淀,用來評估細胞回收,細胞活力和染色強度。離心和重懸沉淀到一理想終濃度的活細胞懸液。

【注意】:

a.       染色細胞可能用1-2%中性緩沖甲醛固定,若樣本避光保存熒光強度可穩定保存至少3周。

b.       染色通常比背景自熒光至少強100-1000倍。熒光分布必須勻稱,且盡量均質,雖然染色CV取決于染色細胞類型。


PKH26客戶使用案例(逐步增加中。。。。。。)

 圖片描述:巨噬細胞(106個/mL)經PKH26(MKBio, 貨號:MX4021-100UL,使用濃度:4uL/mL,5min)標記,熒光顯微鏡(Ex/Em=551nm/567nm)檢測?!緮祿碓矗喝A東理工大學藥學院 李老師】


圖片描述:斑馬魚體內給PKH26(MKBio,貨號:MX4021-100UL)標記以及熒光成像?!緮祿碓矗禾m州大學醫學院 潘老師


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 — —Written/Edited by V. Shallan【版權歸MKBio懋康所有】

 

 

上海懋康生物科技有限公司是一家涉足于生命科學和生物技術領域研究的試劑、儀器和實驗室消耗品與實驗服務工作,主要從事細胞生物學、植物學、分子生物學、免疫學、生物化學、蛋白組學。生物制藥與診斷試劑研發生產等領域。 本公司秉承“以人為本,以誠為信、合同守信”的經營理念。堅持"品質保障"的原則為廣大客戶提供優質產品。


延伸閱讀(懋康生物獨家整理)


鑒于近期大量的用戶咨詢PKH26用于外泌體染色(exosome stain)的方法,我司查閱相關文獻資料,提供染色相關的一些信息,僅供交流學習用。

 

摘自文獻1)Pu?ar Dominku? P et al. PKH26 labeling of extracellular vesicles: Characterization and cellular internalization of contaminating PKH26 nanoparticles. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr. 2018 Jun;1860(6):1350-1361. PMID: 29551275

 

◇◇ 外泌體染色(Exosome staining)(簡單流程見Fig 1)

外泌體凍干標準用超純水重懸制備成1.0μg/μL溶液,之后用PKH26紅色熒光檢測試劑盒來標記。染色前,溶于Diluent C的PKH26在超純水水浴鍋于37℃孵育15min。對于對照樣品,用不含顆粒的DPBS來替代外泌體標準。

① 染色流程A

PKH26用100μL diluent C稀釋使其終濃度為8μM(染料濃度)。之后10μg外泌體(in 20μL DPBS,MKBio)用80μL diluent C稀釋,加入染料溶液內,孵育5min,同時用槍輕輕混勻。用100μL不含外泌體的10% FBS (in DMEM,MKBio)來結合多余的染料。之后,外泌體用1ml DPBS稀釋,4°C超速(100000×g)離心1h 10min。之后沉淀用50μL DPBS輕輕重懸。

② 染色流程B

外泌體的染色方法同流程A。之后稀釋到2ml DPBS,轉移到Vivaspin20 300-kDa MWCO filters,于4°C(4000×g)離心3min,之后用2ml DPBS清洗3次,最終用沉淀用50μL DPBS輕輕重懸。

③ 染色流程C

外泌體的染色方法同流程A。之后稀釋到10ml DPBS,置于2ml 20%蔗糖(in DPBS,,MKBio)的上層。外泌體用4°C超速(100000×g)離心1h 10min。之后沉淀用50μL DPBS輕輕重懸。

④ 染色流程D

外泌體的染色方法同流程A。之后稀釋到400μL DPBS,置于20%~60%非連續蔗糖梯度(in DPBS)的上層。外泌體用4°C超速(100000×g,MKBio)離心18h。分層3-6(密度范圍1.08–1.15g/mL)吸在一起,分層7-10(密度范圍1.17–1.23g/mL)吸在一起,每一份都稀釋到30ml DPBS。外泌體用4°C超速(100000×g)離心1h 10min。之后沉淀用50μL DPBS輕輕重懸。

Fig. 1. Schematic representation of staining procedures used to label exosomes with PKH26 dye. Exosomes (exo) were labeled using staining procedures based on ultracentrifugation (procedure A), filtration through Vivaspin concentrators (procedure B), and sucrose cushion (procedure C) and sucrose gradient (procedure D) purification. Key differences between the procedures are highlighted by the green text.

 

◇◇ 外泌體檢測(Confocal microscopy)

取小體積(6μL)輕輕混勻的PKH26標記對照和外泌體樣本分別轉移到包被有10%多聚L-賴氨酸的蓋玻片上,然后封固在載玻片上,然后轉移到共聚焦顯微鏡下觀察。用561nm diode-pumped solid state laser line觀察,用565nm-605nm寬帶濾片來檢測發射光。

 

◇◇ 外泌體染色結果分析

針對幾種染色流程,發現①超速離心為基礎的外泌體染色會產生大量的PKH26納米粒子(nanoparticles),直徑類似于PKH26標記的外泌體。②基于過濾(filtration)為基礎的外泌體染色法典型的特征是PKH26標記顆粒的回收率低。③通過蔗糖緩沖層純化的PKH26標記納米粒子和PKH26標記外泌體根據大小能區分開。④PKH26標記納米粒子和PKH26標記外泌體通過進入濃縮蔗糖梯度層能分開。

 

摘自資料2)來自網絡資源。

PKH染料(常用的有PKH26-MX4021和PKH67)大量文獻用來標記外泌體和胞外囊泡進行體外和體內示蹤實驗。以下步驟可參考用于外泌體標記以進行微囊泡示蹤實驗。

外泌體標記步驟:

(1)利用超速或微過濾的方式制備新鮮的外泌體沉淀。

(2)超速離心機冷卻到2-8℃。將每個樣本的多管離心沉淀聚合在一起,之后測定總體積。

(3)用Diluent C, MX4022將所有體積的沉淀稀釋到高達1ml。

(4)確定最大體積的沉淀樣本,加等體積的不含外泌體的培養基到一個新管內,用Diluent C稀釋到1ml。

(5)加6μLPKH26到1ml Diluent C管內(步驟3和步驟4)。

(6)用槍連續性輕輕混勻30s。室溫靜置5min。

(7)加入含2ml 10% BSA(in PBS)來淬滅反應。用無血清培養基定容體積到8.5ml。

(8)制備0.971M的蔗糖溶液。用槍緩慢吸取1.5ml蔗糖溶液,加到管子底部,確保不會產生震蕩。外泌體-PKH26 MX4021標記溶液加在蔗糖緩沖層(sucrose cushion)的上方。

(9)于2-8℃超速(190,000 G)離心2h?!缸⒁猓和饷隗w在沉淀內,絕大部分多余的染料在中間層」。小心吸取培養基和中間層。

(10)輕輕用槍將外泌體沉淀重懸在1X PBS。

(11)轉移到Amicon 10kDa MWCO超濾管內。加9ml PBS,0.75ml培養基。

(12)于3000 x g離心40min,使得最終保留體積在0.5-1mL。

(13)從Amicon超濾管內吸取濃縮液,保存在冰上。盡快于合適的儀器下分析熒光信號。



引用文獻:

[1]Yu Mengyu et al. Targeted exosome‐encapsulated erastin induced ferroptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells. Cancer Science. 2019;110:3173–3182.  

(標記對象:外泌體)

 

Targeted exosome‐encapsulated erastin induced ferroptosis in triple negative breast cancer cells.

To quantify the amount of erastin@FA‐exo and erastin@exo taken up by MDA‐MB‐231 cells, lipophilic fluorescent dye PKH26 (MaoKang Biotechnology) was used to stain the exosomes. To detect the effect of FA receptor binding on cell uptake, culture medium containing 1.1 mg/mL of free FA was added to MDA‐MB‐231 cells to competitively inhibit FA receptors. After incubation for 6 hours, the cells were washed with PBS 3 times.Then erastin@FA‐exo was added and the cells’ uptake of the drug was observed.

 

 

[2]Yanlin Wang et al. Microfluidic Raman biochip detection of exosomes: a promising tool for prostate cancer diagnosis. Lab Chip, 2020,20, 4632-4637 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0LC00677G

(標記對象:外泌體)

 

PKH26 was obtained from Maokangbio Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China).

 

[3 ]Wu B, Ye Y, Xie S, Li Y, Sun X, Lv M, Yang L, Cui N, Che5n Q, Jensen LD, Cui D, Huang G, Zuo J, Zhang S, Liu W, Yang Y. Megakaryocytes Mediate Hyperglycemia-Induced Tumor Metastasis. Cancer Res. 2021 Nov 1;81(21):5506-5522. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-21-1180. Epub 2021 Sep 17. PMID: 34535458.

(標記對象:血小板)

 

For the platelets adhesion assay, the platelet cell membrane was prelabeled by a PKH26 Cell Linker Kit (catalog no. MX4021, Maokangbio) for visualization.

 

[4] Che J, Wang H, Dong J, Wu Y, Zhang H, Fu L, Zhang J. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes attenuate neuroinflammation and oxidative stress through the NRF2/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2024 Mar;30(3):e14454. doi: 10.1111/cns.14454. Epub 2023 Sep 12. PMID: 37697971; PMCID: PMC10916441. 

(標記對象:外泌體)

 

The red fluorescent dye PKH26 (MaoKang Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) was used to label exosomes according to the manufacturer's instructions. The labeled exosomes were co-cultured with BV-2 cells or primary microglial cultures at a concentration of 10?μg/mL for 6?h, 12?h, and 24?h. Subsequently, the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 40?min and blocked using 5% bovine serum albumin for 1?h at room temperature. The cytoskeleton was stained with Actin-Tracker Green and the nucleus with DAPI. A confocal laser-scanning microscope (Leica TCS SP 5, Leica Microsystems GmbH) was used for imaging.

 

 

[5] Nie S, Zhang Z, Ji Y, Ding Q, Gong J, Xiao F, Chen L, Tian D, Liu M, Luo Z. CRIg+ macrophages deficiency enhanced inflammation damage in IBD due to gut extracellular vesicles containing microbial DNA. Gut Microbes. 2024 Jan-Dec;16(1):2379633. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2379633. Epub 2024 Jul 18. PMID: 39024479; PMCID: PMC11259065.

(標記對象:細胞外囊泡 extracellular vesicles (mEVs)

 

To track mEVs entering cells and tissues, mEVs were labeled with PKH26 fluorescent dye using the PKH26 Cell Linker Kit (Maokang Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 

 

[6]Zong, Hf., Li, X., Han, L. et al. A novel bispecific antibody drug conjugate targeting HER2 and HER3 with potent therapeutic efficacy against breast cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 45, 1727–1739 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-024-01279-8

(標記對象:MCF10A細胞)

 

Normal breast tissue MCF10A cells were stained with 2 μM PKH26 (MX4201, Shanghai Maokang Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) following the manufacturer’s protocol.

 

[7]Yao XW, Liu ZY, Ma NF, Jiang WK, Zhou Z, Chen B, Guan WG, Yan JJ, Yang M. Exosomes from Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Alleviate Dexamethasone-Induced Bone Loss by Regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 Axis. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2023 Feb 1;2023:3602962. doi: 10.1155/2023/3602962. PMID: 36778207; PMCID: PMC9908349.

(標記對象:外泌體)

 

Purified ADSCs-Exos were labeled with PKH26 (MaoKang Biotechnology, China), as instructed by the manufacturer. 

 

[8] Chen, C., Wang, F., Cheng, C. et al. Cancer-associated Fibroblasts-derived Exosomes with HOXD11 Overexpression Promote Ovarian Cancer Cell Angiogenesis Via FN1. Reprod. Sci. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-024-01716-3

(標記對象:外泌體)

 

CAFs-Exo were labeled with PKH26 red fluorescent cell dye (MX4021, Shanghai Maokang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China)

 

[9]Zhang B, Yang Y, Tao R, Yao C, Zhou Z, Zhang Y. Exosomes loaded with miR-665 inhibit the progression of osteosarcoma in vivo and in vitro. Am J Transl Res. 2022 Oct 15;14(10):7012-7026. PMID: 36398229; PMCID: PMC9641455.

(標記對象:外泌體)

 

The exosome was labeled by employing the PKH26 Cell Linker Kit (MX4021, Shanghai Maokang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) following the instructions. 

 

[10]Zhang M, Yuan Q, Wang P, Zhang F, Wu D, Bai H, Liu J, Liu H, Yuan X. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Nanovesicles Containing H8 Improve Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Exert Ameliorative Effects in Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 Jul 3;19:6643-6658. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S455021. PMID: 38979532; PMCID: PMC11230129.

(標記對象:納米囊泡 nanovesicles

 

HepG2 cells were inoculated in confocal laser culture dishes with a density of 1×106 cells per dish. After HepG2 cells were attached to the wall, BMSCs-NVs and H8-BMSCs-NVs solutions containing 10 μg/mL were put into 1.5mL EP tube, and PKH26 (2× 10?6m, Shanghai Maokang Biotechnology, MX4021) dye solution was added into the EP tube. After incubation at 37°C for 10 min, BMSCs-NVs and H8-BMSCs-NVs containing PKH26 dye solution27 were added to the confocal laser culture dish inoculated HepG2 cells for co-incubation. After 12 h, the confocal laser petri dish was taken out and washed 3 times with PBS (pre-heated at 37°C), and appropriate 4% paraformaldehyde solution was fixed for 10 min, then washed twice with PBS (30 s/ times), Triton100 (0.5%) for 2 min, and washed twice with PBS (30 s/ times). Phalloidin (Shanghai Maokang Biotechnology, MX4402) staining (in dark) was incubated at 37°C for 30min, washed with PBS twice (30 s/ time), DAPI staining for 2 min, and cleaned with PBS for 3 times. After that, the uptake of BMSCs-NVs and H8-BMSCs-NVs by HepG2 cells was observed under confocal laser microscope and images were collected.

 

[11]Jing Z, Zhang G, Cai Y, Liang J, Lv L, Dang X. Engineered extracellular vesicle-delivered TGF-β inhibitor for attenuating osteoarthritis by targeting subchondral bone. J Tissue Eng. 2024 Jul 24;15:20417314241257781. doi: 10.1177/20417314241257781. PMID: 39071897; PMCID: PMC11273819.

標記對象:(EVs

 

 PKH26 kit was purchased from Shanghai Maokang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[12] Sun J, Wei J, Zhang Y, Li J, Li J, Yan J, Guo M, Han J, Qiao H. Plasma Exosomes Transfer miR-885-3p Targeting the AKT/NFκB Signaling Pathway to Improve the Sensitivity of Intravenous Glucocorticoid Therapy Against Graves Ophthalmopathy. Front Immunol. 2022 Feb 21;13:819680. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.819680. PMID: 35265076; PMCID: PMC8900193.

(標記對象:外泌體)

 

500 μg purified exosome suspension was taken and diluted to a volume of 500 μl with sterile 1× PBS. According to the instructions, exosomes were labeled with PKH26 staining kit (Maokangbio, Shanghai, China). After staining, the concentration of the stained exosome suspension was quantified by the BCA method, and then aseptic 1× PBS adjusted the exosomes to the appropriate concentration.

 

[13] Zhao X, Ge P, Lei S, Guo S, Zhou P, Zhao L, Qi Y, Wei X, Wu W, Wang N, Guo R, Yang N, Xiao Q, Zhang Q, Zhu H. An Exosome-Based Therapeutic Strategy Targeting Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease with Berberine and Palmatine. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2023;17:2401-2420
https://doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S417465

(標記對象:外泌體)

 

The PKH26 fluorescent probe was purchased from Maokangbio (Shanghai, China).

 

[14]Liu S, Fan M, Xu JX, Yang LJ, Qi CC, Xia QR, Ge JF. Exosomes derived from bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells alleviate cognitive decline in AD-like mice by improving BDNF-related neuropathology. J Neuroinflammation. 2022 Feb 7;19(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s12974-022-02393-2. PMID: 35130907; PMCID: PMC8822863.

(標記對象:外泌體)

 

the PKH26 staining kit (MX4021-100UL, Maokangbio) was used to stain and label the exosomes

 

[15]Peng, H.; Du, F.; Wang, J.; Wu, Y.; Wei, Q.; Chen, A.; Duan, Y.; Shi, S.; Zhang, J.; Yu, S. Adipose-Derived Stem-Cell-Membrane-Coated PLGA-PEI Nanoparticles Promote Wound Healing via Efficient Delivery of miR-21. Pharmaceutics 202416, 1113. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16091113

(標記對象:納米載體)

 

PKH26 (MKbio, Shanghai, China; MX4021) was employed to label the membrane coatings according to the manufacturer’s instructions. PKH26-labeled nanocarriers were then incubated with different types of cells at 37 °C for 6 h. Cells were then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA; 158127) for 15 min and blocked with 1% FBS for 20 min. The nuclei were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Beyotime, Shanghai, China; C1002) for 20 min at room temperature.

 

[16]Chen Y, Shi Y, Tao Z. Fluorescence Tracking of Small Extracellular Vesicles In Vivo. Pharmaceutics. 2023 Sep 8;15(9):2297. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092297. PMID: 37765266; PMCID: PMC10534450.

(標記對象:胞外囊泡 sEVs

 

A total of 6.4 mg/mL HucMSC-derived sEVs were incubated with the lipophilic fluorescence dye PKH26 (MKBio, Shanghai, China) at a concentration of 10 μM at 37 °C.

 

[17]  He, S., Wang, Q., Chen, L. et al. miR-100a-5p-enriched exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhance the anti-oxidant effect in a Parkinson’s disease model via regulation of Nox4/ROS/Nrf2 signaling. J Transl Med 21, 747 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04638-x

(標記對象:外泌體)

 

For the in vivo uptake studies, T-MSCs-Exo were labeled using the PKH26 Red Fluorescent Cell Linker Kit (MKbio, Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 

 

[18]   Lin, Z., Xu, G., Lu, X. et al. Chondrocyte-targeted exosome-mediated delivery of Nrf2 alleviates cartilaginous endplate degeneration by modulating mitochondrial fission. J Nanobiotechnol 22, 281 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-02517-1

(標記對象:外泌體)

 

Exosome labelling and visualization

The isolated exosomes were stained with PKH26 (MX4021, MKBio, China) for 5 min at room temperature. The exosomes were separated from the unincorporated dye by centrifugation at 120,000 × g for 90 min and washed twice with PBS. After being purified, the labelled exosomes were resuspended in medium and incubated with CEP cells for internalization assays. The nuclei of CEP cells were stained with 4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; C1006, Beyotime, China). The uptake of labelled exosomes by CEP cells was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy (IX51, Olympus, Japan).

 

[19]  Ren J, Jin Z, Huang Y. Exosomal miR-106a-5p derived from intermittently hypoxic non-small-cell lung cancer increases tumor malignancy. Physiol Rep. 2024 Aug;12(15):e16157. doi: 10.14814/phy2.16157. PMID: 39085755; PMCID: PMC11291016.

(標記對象:外泌體)

 

Macrophage internalization of exosomes

Exosomes were labeled with the PKH26 kit (MKBio-MX4021, Shanghai, China) according to a previous study (Bang et al., 2014). To summarize, IH and RA exosomes were diluted with PBS, PKH26 was added to incubate for 4?min. Labeled exosomes were incubated for 5?h with differentiated macrophages. The uptake of exosomes by macrophages was observed.

[20] Wu R, Li J, Aicher A, Jiang K, Tondi S, Dong S, Zheng Q, Tang S, Chen M, Guo Z, ?abanovi? B, Ananthanarayanan P, Jiang L, Sapino A, Wen C, Fu D, Shen B, Heeschen C. Gasdermin C promotes Stemness and Immune Evasion in Pancreatic Cancer via Pyroptosis-Independent Mechanism. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Sep 19:e2308990. doi: 10.1002/advs.202308990. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39297408.

(染色對象:巨噬細胞)

 

In Vitro Macrophage Phagocytosis Assay

PBMC, immortalized Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophage (iBMDM) cells, or THP-1 cells activated with PMA (#S1819, Beyotime, 100 ng mL?1 for three days) were labeled with PKH26 (#MX4021, MaokangBio), while cancer cells were labeled with PKH67 (#MX4023, MaokangBio), following the manufacturer's instructions. The macrophages were then mixed with the cancer cells at a ratio of 2:1 and seeded onto a 6-well plate. Images were taken at the indicated time points, and the phagocytic index was calculated as the number of phagocytosed cancer cells per 100 macrophages. For anti-CD47 antibody treatment, 10 μg mL?1 anti-CD47 antibody or isotype IgG was added to the co-culture medium of CHX2000 cells and iBMDM cells at a 1:1 cell ratio. Cancer cell confluence was determined by fluorescent imaging and quantification.

 

[21]Li Q, Wang Y, Ling L, Qiao L, Chen H, Ding C, Yu S. Rapid and specific detection nanoplatform of serum exosomes for prostate cancer diagnosis. Mikrochim Acta. 2021 Aug 2;188(8):283. doi: 10.1007/s00604-021-04934-7. PMID: 34341883.

PKH26 was obtained from Maokangbio Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China)





 



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