Antimycin A  抗霉素A

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產品標簽

線粒體電子傳遞抑制劑，Virosin 毒質菌素，凋亡誘導，細胞色素還原酶（bc1復合物），CAS：1397-94-0

產品信息

產品描述

抗霉素A（Antimycin A，CAS：1397-94-0），分離自鏈霉菌屬（Streptomyces Sp.）的代謝產物，由四種異構體抗霉素A1，A2，A3，A4組成的混合物，是第一種為人所知和最強效的線粒體呼吸鏈抑制劑，結合細胞色素bc1復合物（即細胞色素還原酶）的苯醌還原位點，特異性阻斷細胞色素b和c1之間的電子轉運，氧化磷酸化和ATP合成?？姑顾谹可用作模型以研究線粒體呼吸和超氧化物產生機制?？姑顾谹還可抑制Bcl-2和Bcl-xL蛋白活性，從而誘導凋亡發生。

產品特性

1）CAS NO：1397-94-0

2）化學名：[(2R,3S,6S,7R,8R)-3-[(3-Formamido-2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]-8-hexyl-2,6-dimethyl-4,9-dioxo- 1,5-dioxonan-7-yl] 3-methylbutanoate (for Antimycin A1)

3）同義名：Antipiricullin; Virosin;

4）分子式/分子量：本抗霉素A為四種異構體A1，A2，A3，A4的混合物，具體信息如下，

    異構體A1（R=C6H13）, C28H40N2O9, 548.6 g/mol

    異構體A2（R=C5H11）, C27H38N2O9,534.6g/mol

    異構體A3（R=C4H9）, C26H36N2O9, 520.6 g/mol

    異構體A4（R=C3H7）, C25H34N2O9, 506.6 g/mol

5）外觀：白色至黃色粉末

6）溶解性：溶于無水乙醇（50mg/ml）、DMSO（2mg/ml），不溶于水

8）化學結構圖：

保存與運輸方法

保存：-20℃干燥保存，3年有效。

運輸：冰袋運輸。

常見問題

1.       抗霉素A的純度如何？

抗霉素A為四種異構體A1，A2，A3，A4的混合物，質控標準為每個異構體所占比例為≥0.00%（HPLC）?？偖悩嬻w混合物的純度因批次而異。

2.       抗霉素A的分子量如何？

抗霉素A為四種異構體A1，A2，A3，A4的混合物，每種異構體分子量不一致。每個異構體的分子量（g/mol）約為：A1（548.6），A2（534.6），A3（520.6），A4（506.6）。每種異構體所占比例因批次而異（HPLC測定）。隨機抽取四個批次的抗霉素A，計算下來抗霉素A的平均分子量約為532g/mol。 

3.       抗霉素A的溶解性如何？

抗霉素A溶于DMSO（2mg/ml），乙醇（50mg/ml），醚，丙酮和氯仿，不溶于水。

4.       抗霉素A的工作濃度如何？

有報道使用2μg/ml 抗霉素A（從DMSO儲存液做1：1000倍稀釋）用于內皮細胞。文獻：Wilkinson JA et al. Agonist-induced calcium and oxidative stress responses in endothelial cells. Biochem Soc Trans. 2003 Oct;31(Pt 5):960-2.

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引用文獻：

[1] Zhang, L., Feng, P., Deng, Y. et al. Decreased Vascular Bundle 1 affects mitochondrial and plant development in rice. Rice 14, 13 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-021-00454-

The antimycin A (ShangHai Maokang Biotechnology, China) and oligomycin (ShangHai Maokang Biotechnology, China) used were from acqueous dilutions of DMSO stock solutions (150?mM antimycin A; 20?mM oligomycin) to 1.25?μM antimycin A and 0.5?μM oligomycin.

[2] Shi W, Zhou X, Li X, Peng X, Chen G, Li Y, Zhang C, Yu H, Feng Z, Gou X, Fan J. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Protect against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Secreting Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with miR-148b-3p That Target Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase 4 to Inhibit Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress at the Reperfusion Stages. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 May 17;24(10):8899. doi: 10.3390/ijms24108899. PMID: 37240246; PMCID: PMC10219505.

Antimycin A was purchased from Maokang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China)

[3]Hang PZ, Ge FQ, Zhang MR, Li QH, Yu HQ, Song YC, Guo DD, Zhao J, Zhu H. BDNF mimetic 7,8-dihydroxyflavone rescues rotenone-induced cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. Free Radic Biol Med. 2023 Mar;198:83-91. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.006. Epub 2023 Feb 9. PMID: 36764626.

Antimycin A (Ama, MS0070) was provided by Maokang Biotechnology Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China).

[4] Mu H, Cai S, Wang X, Li H, Zhang L, Li H, Xiang W. RNA binding protein IGF2BP1 meditates oxidative stress-induced granulosa cell dysfunction by regulating MDM2 mRNA stability in an m⁶A-dependent manner. Redox Biol. 2022 Nov;57:102492. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102492. Epub 2022 Sep 24. Erratum in: Redox Biol. 2023 Sep 12;:102880. PMID: 36182806; PMCID: PMC9526231.

2.5 μM antimycin A (Maokang biotechnology, China)

[5] Zhu L, Weng C, Shen X and Zhu X (2024) Aptly chosen, effectively emphasizing the action and mechanism of antimycin A₁. Front. Microbiol. 15:1371850. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1371850

Antimycin A₁ (95%) was obtained from Shanghai Maokang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. All chemicals used were of analytical grade. 

[6] Zhao J, Yu HQ, Ge FQ, Zhang MR, Song YC, Guo DD, Li QH, Zhu H, Hang PZ. 7,8,3'-Trihydroxyflavone prevents doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction via activating Akt signaling pathway in H9c2 cells. Cell Signal. 2023 Dec;112:110924. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110924. Epub 2023 Oct 12. PMID: 37838311.

Antimycin A (Amy, MS0070) was obtained from Maokang Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 

[7] Wu Z, Pan J, Yang J, Zhang D. LncRNA136131 suppresses apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in acute kidney injury by targeting the miR-378a-3p/Rab10 axis. Aging (Albany NY). 2022 Apr 28;14(8):3666-3686. doi: 10.18632/aging.204036. Epub 2022 Apr 28. PMID: 35482482; PMCID: PMC9085219.

When BUMPT cells were 90% confluent, the culture medium was replaced with Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS; containing 1.3 mM Ca⁺⁺ and 0.8 mM Mg⁺⁺) plus with antimycin A (Shanghai Maokang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. No: 1397-94-0) 

[8] Luyao Zhang et al. In pre-clinical study fetal hypoxia caused autophagy and mitochondrial impairment in ovary granulosa cells mitigated by melatonin supplement. Journal of Advanced Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.008

 Rotenone, N-acetyl-5-methoxytrypamine (Melatonin),  and Antimycin A were bought by Shanghai Maokang Biotechnology Co. (Shang Hai, China). 

[9] Ren, G., Ye, J., Hu, Q. et al. Growth of electroautotrophic microorganisms using hydrovoltaic energy through natural water evaporation. Nat Commun 15, 4992 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-49429-0

Inhibition experiments were conducted by adding different inhibitors during the CES process, including antimycin A (Maokangbio, China)